Comparative transcriptomics reveals human-specific cortical features

Jorstad, Nikolas L, Song, Janet HT, Exposito-Alonso, David, Suresh, Hamsini, Castro-Pacheco, Nathan, Krienen, Fenna M, Yanny, Anna Marie, Close, Jennie, Gelfand, Emily, Long, Brian, Seeman, Stephanie C, Travaglini, Kyle J, Basu, Soumyadeep, Beaudin, Marc, Bertagnolli, Darren, Crow, Megan, Ding, Song-Lin, Eggermont, Jeroen, Glandon, Alexandra, Goldy, Jeff, Kiick, Katelyn, Kroes, Thomas, McMillen, Delissa, Pham, Trangthanh, Rimorin, Christine, Siletti, Kimberly, Somasundaram, Saroja, Tieu, Michael, Torkelson, Amy, Feng, Guoping, Hopkins, William D, Höllt, Thomas, Keene, C Dirk, Linnarsson, Sten, McCarroll, Steven A, Lelieveldt, Boudewijn P, Sherwood, Chet C, Smith, Kimberly, Walsh, Christopher A, Dobin, Alexander, Gillis, Jesse, Lein, Ed S, Hodge, Rebecca D, Bakken, Trygve E (October 2023) Comparative transcriptomics reveals human-specific cortical features. Science, 382 (6667). eade9516. ISSN 0036-8075

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URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37824638

DOI: 10.1126/science.ade9516

Abstract

The cognitive abilities of humans are distinctive among primates, but their molecular and cellular substrates are poorly understood. We used comparative single-nucleus transcriptomics to analyze samples of the middle temporal gyrus (MTG) from adult humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, rhesus macaques, and common marmosets to understand human-specific features of the neocortex. Human, chimpanzee, and gorilla MTG showed highly similar cell-type composition and laminar organization as well as a large shift in proportions of deep-layer intratelencephalic-projecting neurons compared with macaque and marmoset MTG. Microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes had more-divergent expression across species compared with neurons or oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and neuronal expression diverged more rapidly on the human lineage. Only a few hundred genes showed human-specific patterning, suggesting that relatively few cellular and molecular changes distinctively define adult human cortical structure.

Item Type:	Paper
Subjects:	bioinformatics > genomics and proteomics > annotation bioinformatics bioinformatics > genomics and proteomics > genetics & nucleic acid processing > DNA, RNA structure, function, modification bioinformatics > genomics and proteomics > annotation > gene expression profiling annotation bioinformatics > genomics and proteomics > genetics & nucleic acid processing bioinformatics > genomics and proteomics organism description > animal organism description > animal behavior organs, tissues, organelles, cell types and functions > tissues types and functions > cerebral cortex organism description > animal behavior > perception > cognition organism description > animal > mammal organs, tissues, organelles, cell types and functions > tissues types and functions > neocortex organs, tissues, organelles, cell types and functions organism description > animal behavior > perception organism description > animal > mammal > primates organs, tissues, organelles, cell types and functions > tissues types and functions bioinformatics > genomics and proteomics > genetics & nucleic acid processing > transcriptomes
CSHL Authors:	Crow, Megan Dobin, Alexander Gillis, Jesse
Communities:	CSHL labs > Gillis Lab CSHL labs > Dobin Lab
SWORD Depositor:	CSHL Elements
Depositing User:	CSHL Elements
Date:	13 October 2023
Date Deposited:	23 Oct 2023 18:53
Last Modified:	10 Jan 2024 19:45
PMCID:	PMC10659116
Related URLs:	Publisher
URI:	https://repository.cshl.edu/id/eprint/41279

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