Kleeman, Sam O, Riazat-Kesh, Yosef, Carvajal, Richard, Marmarelis, Melina E, Schadendorf, Dirk, Sharon, Elad, Othus, Megan, Robert, Caroline, Skoulidis, Ferdinandos, Izar, Benjamin, Maki, Robert G, Janowitz, Tobias (June 2026) Cancer chemo-immunotherapy: time will tell. Cancer immunology research. OF1-OF4. ISSN 2326-6066
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Abstract
Endogenous circadian programs coordinate physiology across tissues, including immune cell trafficking and drug metabolism. Previous retrospective studies suggested that the timing of immune checkpoint inhibitor delivery may be a modifiable determinant of survival in patients with cancer, with earlier infusions often associated with improved outcomes. Recently, the prospective randomized phase 3 LungTIME-C01 trial reported that earlier time-of-day (before 3pm) administration of chemo-immunotherapy nearly doubled progression-free survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. In this commentary, we examine the trial's clinical design and execution, including protocol amendments and safety reporting that warrant clarification. We consider the mechanistic interpretation of the results, highlighting that the observed effects may reflect contributions from cytotoxic chronopharmacology, circadian immune regulation, and healthcare delivery factors rather than immunotherapy timing alone. We outline implications for future trial design, including factorial approaches to disentangle the timing of immunotherapy from chemotherapy and the need for multicenter validation before scheduling recommendations are widely adopted.
| Item Type: | Paper |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | diseases & disorders > cancer diseases & disorders |
| CSHL Authors: | |
| Communities: | CSHL Cancer Center Program > Cancer Genetics and Genomics Program CSHL labs > Janowitz lab CSHL Cancer Center Program School of Biological Sciences > Publications |
| SWORD Depositor: | CSHL Elements |
| Depositing User: | CSHL Elements |
| Date: | 8 June 2026 |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Aug 2026 12:49 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Aug 2026 12:49 |
| PMCID: | PMC13434287 |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://repository.cshl.edu/id/eprint/42282 |
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