Viral activation and ecological restructuring characterize a microbiome axis of spaceflight-associated immune activation

Tierney, Braden T, Kim, JangKeun, Overbey, Eliah G, Ryon, Krista A, Foox, Jonathan, Sierra, Maria, Bhattacharya, Chandrima, Damle, Namita, Najjar, Deena, Park, Jiwoon, Garcia Medina, Sebastian, Houerbi, Nadia, Meydan, Cem, Wain Hershberg, Jeremy, Qiu, Jake, Kleinman, Ashley, Al Ghalith, Gabe, MacKay, Matthew, Afshin, Evan E, Dhir, Raja, Borg, Joseph, Gatt, Christine, Brereton, Nicholas, Readhead, Ben, Beyaz, Semir, Venkateswaran, Kasthuri J, Blease, Kelly, Moreno, Juan, Boddicker, Andrew, Zhao, Junhua, Lajoie, Bryan, Scott, Ryan T, Altomare, Andrew, Kruglyak, Semyon, Levy, Shawn, Church, George, Mason, Christopher E (October 2023) Viral activation and ecological restructuring characterize a microbiome axis of spaceflight-associated immune activation. (Submitted)

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Abstract

Maintenance of astronaut health during spaceflight will require monitoring and potentially modulating their microbiomes, which play a role in some space-derived health disorders. However, documenting the response of microbiota to spaceflight has been difficult thus far due to mission constraints that lead to limited sampling. Here, we executed a six-month longitudinal study centered on a three-day flight to quantify the high-resolution microbiome response to spaceflight. Via paired metagenomics and metatranscriptomics alongside single immune profiling, we resolved a microbiome "architecture" of spaceflight characterized by time-dependent and taxonomically divergent microbiome alterations across 750 samples and ten body sites. We observed pan-phyletic viral activation and signs of persistent changes that, in the oral microbiome, yielded plaque-associated pathobionts with strong associations to immune cell gene expression. Further, we found enrichments of microbial genes associated with antibiotic production, toxin-antitoxin systems, and stress response enriched universally across the body sites. We also used strain-level tracking to measure the potential propagation of microbial species from the crew members to each other and the environment, identifying microbes that were prone to seed the capsule surface and move between the crew. Finally, we identified associations between microbiome and host immune cell shifts, proposing both a microbiome axis of immune changes during flight as well as the sources of some of those changes. In summary, these datasets and methods reveal connections between crew immunology, the microbiome, and their likely drivers and lay the groundwork for future microbiome studies of spaceflight.

Item Type:	Paper
Subjects:	organs, tissues, organelles, cell types and functions > cell types and functions > cell types organs, tissues, organelles, cell types and functions > cell types and functions > cell types organs, tissues, organelles, cell types and functions > cell types and functions > cell types organs, tissues, organelles, cell types and functions > cell types and functions organs, tissues, organelles, cell types and functions > cell types and functions > cell types > immune cell organs, tissues, organelles, cell types and functions > cell types and functions > cell types > immune cell organs, tissues, organelles, cell types and functions > cell types and functions > cell types > immune cell organs, tissues, organelles, cell types and functions
CSHL Authors:	Beyaz, Semir
Communities:	CSHL labs > Beyaz lab
SWORD Depositor:	CSHL Elements
Depositing User:	CSHL Elements
Date:	10 October 2023
Date Deposited:	10 Nov 2023 13:58
Last Modified:	10 Nov 2023 13:58
PMCID:	PMC10602132
Related URLs:	Publisher
URI:	https://repository.cshl.edu/id/eprint/41305

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