Zatkova, A., Messiaen, L., Vandenbroucke, I., Wieser, R., Fonatsch, C., Krainer, A. R., Wimmer, K. (2004) Disruption of exonic splicing enhancer elements is the principal cause of exon skipping associated with seven nonsense or missense alleles of NF1. Human Mutation, 24 (6). pp. 491-501. ISSN 1059-7794
Abstract
Nonsense, missense, and even silent mutation-associated exon skipping is recognized in an increasing number of genes as a novel form of splicing mutation. The analysis of individual mutations of this kind can shed light on basic pre-mRNA splicing mechanisms. Using cDNA,based mutation detection analysis, we have identified one missense and six nonsense mutations that lead to different extents of exon-lacking transcripts in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. We confirmed mutation-associated exon skipping in a heterologous hybrid minigene context. There is evidence that the disruption of functional exonic splicing enhancer (ESE) sequences is frequently the mechanism underlying mutation-associated exon skipping. Therefore, we examined the wild,type and mutant NF1 sequences with two available ESE-prediction programs. Either or both programs predicted the disruption of ESE motifs in six out of the seven analyzed mutations. To ascertain the function of the predicted ESEs, we quantitatively measured their ability to rescue splicing of an enhancer dependent exon, and found that all seven mutant ESEs had reduced splicing enhancement activity compared to the wild,type sequences. Our results suggest that the wild,type sequences function as ESE elements, whose disruption is responsible for the mutation-associated exon skipping observed in the NF1 patients. Further, this study illustrates the utility of ESE-prediction programs for delineating candidate sequences that may serve as ESE elements. However, until more refined prediction algorithms have been developed, experimental data, preferably from patient tissues, remain indispensable to assess the clinical significance, particularly of missense,and silent mutations, and to understand the structure-function relationship in the corresponding protein. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
| Item Type: | Paper |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | NF1 exon skipping splicing exonic splice enhancer ESE NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE-1 GENE neurofibromatosis type-1 gene SPINAL MUSCULAR-ATROPHY spinal muscular atrophy RNA SECONDARY RNA secondary STRUCTURE OPEN READING FRAME open reading frame MESSENGER-RNA messenger RNA REGULATORY ELEMENTS regulatory elements SITE SELECTION INTRONIC ELEMENT intronic element ALTERNATIVE EXON alternative exon SNRNP BINDING SNRNP binding |
| Subjects: | bioinformatics > genomics and proteomics > genetics & nucleic acid processing > DNA, RNA structure, function, modification > exons > exon skipping bioinformatics > genomics and proteomics > genetics & nucleic acid processing > DNA, RNA structure, function, modification > exons > exon splicing |
| CSHL Authors: | |
| Communities: | CSHL labs > Krainer lab |
| Depositing User: | CSHL Librarian |
| Date: | 2004 |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Jan 2012 19:38 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Apr 2014 16:48 |
| Related URLs: | |
| URI: | https://repository.cshl.edu/id/eprint/22520 |
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